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Global Leading Indicators, June 2025 - What Tariffs?

The June 2025 edition of the global LEI chartbook can be found here. Additional details on the methodology are available here.

Global leading indicators improved further at the end of Q2, as markets and decision-makers in the real economy concluded that Mr. Trump’s tariff threats are more bark than bite. However, the U.S. President has since rekindled his appetite for tariffs, unveiling several high-profile measures targeting Asian economies, along with the weekend bombshell of a 30% tariff on imports from Mexico and Europe.

Is global inflation (re)accelerating?

This is the question everyone wants an answer to after another week where bonds have been beaten to a pulp, a trend which is now starting to bleed into equities. More specifically, the real question is whether US inflation is accelerating? It is too soon to tell, and for the record, we don’t think so. But for now, markets are being fed with headline macro data signalling that the US economy is more resilient than previously anticipated, as well as vulnerable to upside inflation risks. As a result, investors have kept buying the dollar and selling treasuries at the start of 2024. The latter, in turn, has spilled over into indiscriminate selling of bonds in other jurisdictions.

All Change?

Last week was a good day for my boss Ian Shepherdson who has been sticking his neck out since the beginning of the year with a call that the Fed would cut rates this year by more than the consensus believes. It was a bad day for a lot of other forecasters and investors. I recently joked with him that we were just one bad payroll report away from markets freaking out. That report landed on Friday, pushing already nervy markets into near meltdown. We know the drill; bonds soared, equities crashed, and “US recession risks” hit a headline near you. Of course, the Fed hasn’t cut rates yet, but even before Friday’s data, everyone expected the first cut in September. Expectations are now shifting towards a 50bp reduction, and further cuts in quick succession after that. The decision to hold rates in July is now freely being seen as a mistake.

The soft landing lives, for now

It’s been a while since I ran through my favourite charts for the global economy. I am happy to report that nothing much seems to have changed since my last overview. Markets are still enjoying a soft landing, defined as a world in which inflation is drifting lower, even if still-sticky in key areas, the global economy and labour markets remain unencumbered, and monetary policy is on track to ease modestly. More immediately, a run of softish inflation data in the US, rising jobless claims—despite still solid non-farm payrolls—and the return of political uncertainty in Europe have driven a bond rally in the past few weeks, and raised questions about the strength of the US economy. As a result, markets are now pricing in slightly more aggressive near-term policy easing from the major central banks. In the US, SOFR futures imply 75bp worth of easing from the Fed this year, and similarly for the ECB, which includes the 25bp cut that the Bank delivered last month. Yields also have softened in the UK. The consensus expects a second rate cut from the ECB in September, at which point markets believe Frankfurt will be joined by the BOE—with many speculating on an August cut from Bailey et al—and the Fed. The first chart below plots the implied policy path for the Fed and ECB using SOFR and Euribor, respectively. This is a pleasant picture overall. Rates will remain higher than immediately before the twin-shock of Covid and an inflationary shift geopolitics, but they’re still on track to come down some 150bp from their highs.

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