I was pool side at the start of the month which means, in my case, the time to run through one of the larger audiobooks in my Audible library in large uninterrupted chunks while sipping a cold drink. My choice on this occasion was Nick Lane’s Oxygen: The Molecule that made the World. The book travels far and wide, and it’s well worth the time, though parts of it are rather technical for those of us who aren’t biological chemists, despite Lane’s best efforts to make the content accessible. I dozed off more than once midway through — as one tends to do when horizontal at the pool — and had to rewind and restart a few chapters.
Read MoreGlobal leading indicators were stabilizing midway through Q2, exposing the tension between macroeconomic forecasts—many of which still anticipate a significant slowdown in the second half of the year—and incoming data and market signals that suggest the trade wars, or at least the most deleterious effect of this threat, are a thing of the past. The White House will bluster, but is likely to avoid imposing growth- or market-damaging policies on a sustained basis. Underlying this assumption is the expectation that the U.S. administration will not jeopardize the privileges conferred by issuing the world’s dominant reserve currency and commanding the deepest and most liquid capital markets globally.
Read MoreGlobal birth rates are falling at an accelerated pace. According to the UN, the global total fertility rate (TFR) dropped to a record low of 2.25 in 2023 and is projected to fall further to 2.2 in 2024. At this pace, the TFR is set to dip below the replacement level of 2.1 nearly two decades earlier than the UN’s latest forecasts had anticipated.
The long-run decline in fertility has two main components. The first is the "quantum effect"—the trend for families to have fewer children as incomes rise, choosing instead to invest more in each child, particularly through education. Economics and evolutionary theory both rely on this shift in the quantity-quality trade-off to explain why fertility has fallen since the Industrial Revolution, even as wealth has grown.
The second component is the "tempo effect"—birth postponement. Women are delaying motherhood due to rising labour force participation and career opportunities, which increase the opportunity cost of having children, and shifting social norms. Other contributors include difficulty in finding a partner, precarious housing and job markets, and evolving personal preferences. Meanwhile, outright childlessness is increasing, which neither the quantum nor tempo frameworks fully explain.
Read MoreThe April 2025 edition of the global LEI chartbook can be found here. Additional details on the methodology are available here.
Global leading indicators were hanging on for dear life in April strained by the shock of President Trump’s tariff measures. A rebound from current levels that keeps the cyclical upturn alive is not without precedent, but it is rare—and historically, such rebounds have offered little comfort to investors. Portfolios with high sensitivity to the global macro cycle are likely to face continued weakness.
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